Formulasi Losion Minyak Sereh Wangi (Citronella Oil) Sebagai Anti Kutu Kepala (Pediculisid)

Abstract

Fleas (Pediculus humanus capitis) is one of the little parasites that live by sucking blood from a human head. While sucking blood, the flea secretes a secretion that irritate the skin tissues it causes a massive itch. Fleas can be treated by chemical drugs like 1 % permethrin, but it did have side effect of itching, rusting, swelling in the skin and massive burning sensation. Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) have a chemical content which are insecticidal among them is citronellal which can be used as a natural pediculosid. This research aims to formulate lotion preparations that are stable and effective as anti-fleas and increase the time of death of fleas compared to permethrin. The concentrations of citronella oil used for F1, F2 and F3 were 5%; 7.5%; and 10%. The three formulas were evaluated including organoleptic examination, homogeneity, pH, emulsion type, dispersibility, viscosity, skin irritation, cycling test, and anti-lice activity test. Data analysis used the Kruskal Wallis statistical test. Based on the results of the evaluation of the preparations, it was found that the organoleptic examination of the preparation of lotions FI, FII, FIII had a consistency of thick to liquid form, white to pale yellow, had a distinctive smell of citronella oil, FI test pH = 7.31-6.51, FII = 7 03-6,38 and FIII = 6,98-6,35, FI spread ability test = 6,15-7,75 cm, FII = 6,55-8,25 cm and FIII = 8,55-10,05 cm, emulsion type test FI, FII, FIII have emulsion type M / A, FI viscosity test = 2956-3107 cPs, FII = 2360-2677 cPs, FIII = 764-980 cPs, homogeneity test on FI, FII, FIII homogeneous, freeze and thaw test on FI, FII is stable while FIII is unstable, skin irritation test on FI, FII, FIII is not irritation, FI anti-flea activity test = 122-167 seconds, FII = 117-128 seconds, FIII = 69-90 seconds.