Big Data, Analisis dan Penerapannya di Pemerintahan dan Publik: Sebuah Review Literatur
Abstract
A decision is used to solve various problems at hand. One of the things that influence a decision making is the availability of the required information. The right decision will be obtained by considering how complete and accurate the information is or how much information is available. The information is collaborated in a unified data set, which is called Big Data. Big Data provides a very important influence in strategic decision making, both for large-scale and small-scale organizational operational decisions. Big Data provides answers to every challenge and produces an important decision so that mistakes in decision making can be avoided. This article aims to explain how Big Data or data sourced from the community can be used in public administration, the general public, and policy makers so as to improve the quality of people's lives themselves. This article uses some practical examples across different service sectors or organizations. The delivery of public services has undergone a transformation, and many decision or policy initiatives have revolutionized the way government interacts with the public. Decision or policy initiatives have also revolutionized how governments and communities adapt evidence-based policymaking through the innovative and efficient use of Big Data. Such as its application in several public services, including in the fields of fraud detection, financial market analysis, health care and public health, government supervision, education, crime eradication, environmental protection, energy exploration, and agriculture.
ABSTRAK
Suatu keputusan digunakan untuk memecahkan berbagai masalah yang sedang dihadapi. Salah satu hal yang mempengaruhi suatu pengambilan keputusan adalah ketersediaan informasi yang dibutuhkan. Pengambilan keputusan yang tepat akan diperoleh dengan mempertimbangkan dari seberapa lengkap dan akuratnya informasi atau seberapa banyaknya informasi yang tersedia. Informasi-informasi tersebut terkolaborasi dalam kesatuan kumpulan data, yang disebut dengan Big Data. Big Data memberikan pengaruh yang sangat penting dalam pengambilan keputusan strategis, baik untuk keputusan operasional organisasi berskala besar maupun berskala kecil. Big Data memberikan jawaban atas setiap tantangan dan menghasilkan suatu keputusan yang penting sehingga kesalahan dalam pengambilan keputusan dapat dihindari. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang bagaimana Big Data atau data yang bersumber dari masyarakat dapat digunakan dalam administrasi publik, masyarakat umum, dan para pembuat kebijakan sehingga meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan masyarakat itu sendiri. Artikel ini menggunakan beberapa contoh praktis di berbagai sektor layanan atau organisasi. Penyampaian layanan publik telah mengalami transformasi, dan banyak inisiatif keputusan atau kebijakan telah merevolusi cara pemerintah dalam berinteraksi yang melibatkan masyarakat. Inisiatif keputusan atau kebijakan juga telah merevolusi bagaimana pemerintah dan masyarakat mengadaptasi pembuatan kebijakan berbasis bukti melalui penggunaan Big Data secara inovatif dan efisien. Seperti penerapannya di beberapa layanan publik, diantaranya di bidang deteksi penipuan, analisis pasar keuangan, perawatan kesehatan dan kesehatan masyarakat, pengawasan pemerintah, pendidikan, pemberantasan kejahatan, perlindungan lingkungan, eksplorasi energi, dan pertanian.
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