Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Sosial Budaya TYPES AND LEVEL OF INDONESIAN-ENGLISH CODE-MIXING USED BY BARBIE KUMALASARI ON BOY WILLIAM’SVLOG

This study analyses about types and levels of code-mixing used by Barbie Kumalasari on Boy William’s Vlog. This study refers to Hoffman’s theory in terms of types of code-mixing, and refers to Suwito’s theory in terms of levels of code-mixing. In achieving those objectives, the authors applied a descriptive qualitative approach. The authors implemented a qualitative method. The instrument of this study is document analysis. It focused on analysing and interpreting recorded documents. The findings showed that there are 46 data of types of code mixing, and 46 data of levels of code mixing. For the types of code-mixing, the highest data is intra-sentential code-mixing and the lowest type is intra-lexical code mixing. As for the levels of code-mixing, the highest data is in the word level and the lowest data are baster level and repetition word of code mixing.


PENDAHULUAN
In a social environment, people will face different societies with different languages, depending on each region's surroundings. It made language and society is detached each other. The relation between those two things is known as Sociolinguistics, a linguistic term. According to Holmes (1992), "Sociolinguistics studies the relationship between language and society, it is also concerned with the context which is attached to that language itself. In addition, people show the identity along with the language they use. Meanwhile, Wardhaugh (1986:12) stated that Sociolinguistics studies the relationship between language and society, structure of language and its function in communication. Thus, the study of a language is not only studying the language and meaning internally but also studying the external factor beyond that language.
One of the Sociolinguistics phenomena is the use of code-mixing of two or more languages in a dialog or monolog. Switching or mixing two or more languages in monolog is called code-switching or codemixing. The term of code-mixing refers to cases where lexical items and grammatical features from two languages appear in one sentence. The focus of interest will be on 'intra-sentential mixing' or mixing where elements from both languages appear in the same sentence (Musyken, 2000). Codemixing is a phenomenon that is seen in a multilingual and multicultural society. Nowadays, the phenomenon of code-mixing is not a strange thing for Indonesian people, especially for people who live in urban areas. Most people speak more than one language when communicating with others in several places such as a workplace, a trading market, a business place, and even at school or on campus. That phenomenon can be defined as bilingualism. Moreover, there has been a growing number of researchers who have argued for the importance of making a clear distinction between bilinguals and multilingual, as opposed to using bilinguals as a blanket term entailing multilingual as one variation (Yuko Butler, 2018).
Bilingualism is the phenomenon of speaking two languages in communication and the person who involves in it is considered bilingual. That term is supported by Mackey in Hoffman's book (1996), "bilingualism is considered as an alternative of using two languages by the same individual." There are circumstances where people can understand two or more languages. It is referred to bilingual and multilingual in Sociolinguistics. In Indonesia, people mix the Indonesian language with the English language in their utterances or conversation.
Mostly the phenomenon of using codemixing in Indonesia appears between Indonesian-English languages. That codemixing occurs in daily conversations such as in broadcasts, advertisements, TV programs, teaching processes, and even on social media. One of the popular social media that is generally used by Indonesian people in mixing Indonesian into English is YouTube.
YouTube is a social networking site where every individual or organization with internet access can upload videos so all viewers can watch them. As mentioned by Fadhal and Nurhajati (2012), YouTube is the most popular video sharing in the digital platform. As the biggest platform for video in the world, YouTube affects various aspects, for example, children, teenagers, students, entertainers, and workers. With several YouTube videos, people can see many world events uploaded by various users.
Code-mixing could occur in one-way communication in YouTube where it is usually used to entertain, inform, or persuade the viewers. Many Indonesian people make and upload their videos on YouTube. They are talking about all things based on people's interests. These people who make videos and upload them to YouTube are called vloggers. In Indonesia, they speak the Indonesian language however some of them often switch their language to the English language.
One of the famous vloggers that often use code-mixing is Deddy Corbuzier. He is an Indonesian mentalist and artist who succeeded in Indonesia as a presenter and YouTuber. His "Deddy Corbuzier" YouTube channel has more than 7 million subscribers in July 2022. Besides his busy schedule as a presenter in one of the TV shows in Indonesia, he has also become more selective in uploading videos on his YouTube channel. He used to interview his guest about something viral in Indonesia. As we know, in daily life, he used to speak English and Indonesian languages. Here is the following example of DeddyCorbuzier and Barbie Kumalasari: Oh it is that your point. Itu poin utama lo?
The first example above is obtained from the video of Deddy Corbuzier's episode Mistery Ayam Artis with Gritte Agatha. In this episode, they were talking about hobbies and passion. In this case, they often mix the Indonesian language into English. Deddy did the code-mixing to show his thought to reply to what Gritte said. And the second example is taken from the video of Boy William episode Barbie Kumalasari Nangis Gara-Gara Boy William: Nebeng Boy S4 Eps.1.
In this case, this study focuses on analyzing the type and level of using codemixing used by Barbie Kumalasari on Boy William's vlog. She is one of the controversial Indonesian artists today because of her hazy words that made her receive blasphemy by many netizens that can be on Boy William's vlog and also the English language she uses when talking to Boy William in that vlog. This study is interesting because Barbie often speaks in the Indonesian language and randomly mixes it with the English language. Therefore, the authors prefer to entitle this study as "Types and Level of Indonesian-English Code-Mixing Used by Barbie Kumalasari on Boy William's Vlog".

METODE PENELITIAN
A. Data Collection The authors utilize the observation method and are directly involved in collecting the data. Data for this study are acquired by transcribing Barbie Kumalasari's utterances on Boy William's vlog. There are three videos of Barbie Kumalasari on his vlog. Her utterances become the primary source of this study because she mostly talks in Indonesian and randomly mixes it into English after answering several questions from Boy William. Thus, indirectly, she applied codemixing's theory while being interviewed by Boy William and it became the primary data of this study.

B. Analysis Method
According to Kothari (2004), there are three types of analyzing data they are: editing, coding, and classification. In this research, the authors apply the coding method. This method refers to assigning numerals or symbols to answer two research problems. Thus, the utterances are put into a limited number of categories or classes. Hopefully, this method will answer the above two research problems.
In the technique of data analysis, the authors utilized content analysis. The authors were not only collecting the data but also analyzing the data to get the result. According to Leedy and Ormrod (2015), a content analysis could be an elaborated and systematic examination of the contents of a specific body of fabric to distinguish patterns, themes, or biases. Content analysis performs on styles of human communication, as well as books, newspapers, personal journals, official documents, film, television, art, music, videotapes of human interactions, transcript of voice communication, and net journal and bulletin board entries. Therefore, this study investigated content analysis in the technique of data analysis.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
This study discovered code-mixings in its various types and levels. The authors analyzed the types of code-mixing using Hoffman's theory such as intra-sentential of code-mixing, intra-lexical of code-mixing, and involving a change of pronunciation. Meanwhile, for the levels of code-mixingis analyzed by applying Suwito's theory. The levels that argued by Suwito such as word, phrase, baster, reduplication/repetition word, idiom, and clause. The analysis is revealed in the following explanation.
This study classifies types and levels of code-mixing. In terms of the type of codemixing, this study utilizes Hoffman's theory. Hoffman divides the type of code-mixing into three types such as intra-sentential code-mixing, intra-lexical code-mixing, and involving a change of pronunciation.
The first, intra-sentential code-mixing, is the code-mixing that happens within a phrase, a clause, or a sentence boundary. The second, intra-lexical code-mixing, is the code-mixing used by people when they put the official language affixation in a foreign language in their utterance. The last is involving, a change of pronunciation. This type occurs at the phonological level (Hoffman, 1972).
Meanwhile, to classify the data in the levels of code-mixing, this study employed Suwito's theory. Suwito divided the level of mixing code into six levels, such as word level, phrase level, baster level, repetition word, idiom level, and the last is clause level. The classification of the data of the types and levels of code-mixing are clarified in the following table From the result of the analysis by using Hoffman's theory in classifying the types of code-mixing and after counting the frequency, this concludes that the most types of code-mixing that happen in the video are intra-sentential code-mixing, the second type is intra-lexical code-mixing, and the last frequency is involving a change of pronunciation.  Based on table 4.1, types of codemixing are discussed below: a. Intra-sentential code-mixing Intra-sentential code mixing is the appearance of a phrase, clause, or a sentence boundary in someone's utterance. 1) Word Ac According to David Crystal (2011), "word is a unit of expression which has universal intuitive recognition by nativespeakers, in both spoken and written language." There are 22 data in the word construction discovered in the video. Those data are divided into a noun, adverbs, and adjectives. One of the data is in the following conversation.

Ija
Ijah-ijah itu yang menurut aku stupid banget gitu. "Ij Ijah-ijah that was so stupid, I thought" The utterance above is uttered and considered by Barbie Kumalasari. The Indonesian people recognized it as a dominant word used by the Indonesian people. In Indonesian, stupid means bodoh.
Based on the theory of intra-sentential codemixing, Barbie Kumalasari did code-mixing in intra-sentential code-mixing because she mixed her language in a sentence boundary.
2) Phrase According to Hatch and Brown (1995), a phrase is a set of words that are meaningful and up patterned. In finding the data in the video, this research discovers 14 data of phrases. Here are the samples: 1.
"I think that fake diploma is not make sense, because I already have written prove and I swear that legitimate from the court".
Barbie said "make sense" in the middle of her utterance. The mixing is classified as intra-sentential code-mixing because the English words are in the form of phrases.
Thus, according to intra-sentential codemixing, the mixing above is included in the type of intra-sentential of code-mixing.

2.
Thank you, agak kotor dikit nggak papa kan? "Thank you, it is a little bit dirty, is it okay?" From the datum above is concluded that "thank you" can be classified as intrasentential code-mixing because that statement includes in the sentence boundary.

3)
Sentence According to Hatch and Brown (1995), a sentence is a perfect set of words, structurally minimal S + V patterns and terminating with end marks. In classifying the types of intra-sentential code-mixing in a sentence, this study identified 10 data that are classified as a sentence. Next, some data in type of code-mixing in intra-sentential code-mixing are exactly in the sentence form.

Everything I using is okay yakan. "Everything that I used is okay, right?"
The code-mixing that Barbie Kumalasari did is included in the types of intra-sentential code-mixing because the language mixing is in the form of a sentence.

2.
Iya biasa lah nama nya gua cewek cantik, kan lu tau sendiri gua lagi viral ya kan nomor satu, sekarang siapa yang bias nandingin gue? Ga ada. The one and only in Indonesia, only me. "Yes I am pretty woman you know. I am become viral and number one, now who can compare me? No one. The one and only in Indonesia, only me".
The utterance "the one and only in Indonesia, only me" appear in datum no.39. The mixing that she did the complete sentence. So, in the types of code-mixing, it includes intra-sentential code-mixing since the utterance is classified as intra-sentential code-mixing in the sentence boundary.

b. Intra-lexcial of Code Mixing
According to Hoffman (1991), Intralexical code-mixing appears in someone's utterance when the speakers insert a word boundary in their utterance. To classify the data in the types of intra-lexical codemixing, the authors divided it into two prefixes and suffixes. Intra-lexical occurs in someone's utterance when they put affixation into their utterance. There are two kinds of affixation they are prefixes and suffixes.

Prefix
Hatch and Brown state that a prefix is a group of letters placed before the root of a word (1995). For example, the prefix words recall, re is the prefix, the original word is call, both of them will become a word and make new meanings. In Indonesia, the word example of a prefix is menghina. The prefix is meng, the original word is hina. So, from the explanation of prefixes, this study found a datum that is indicated as inter-lexical code-mixing in the affixation of a prefix. This study found 2 data that asserted prefix. One of the examples is discussed below: Ada deh, nanti pasti gua dibully lagi, males gue.
"I cannot tell you, I will get bully again, I do not want to".
The types of code-mixing in the intralexical of code-mixing based on the utterance above it can be seen that Barbie Kumalasari gave the Indonesian affixation "di" on the word of "dibully".The structure is 'di' as prefix and bully as word it becomes intra-lexical of code-mixing "di-bully". In Indonesian language, the meaning of "dibully" is "diejek" 2. Levels of Code-Mixing a.
Word Level Code-Mixing In the classification of the data at the word level, there are 19 data. Here are the three data which are discussed: 1. Itu menurut gua orang-orang yang pemikirannya konyol, ridiculous ya kan. "I think it just people with ridiculous thought, right?" The utterance above is uttered by Barbie Kumalasari and is classified as a dominant word that is often used by Indonesian people.
In the Indonesian ridiculous means konyol. Barbie Kumalasari did code-mixing at the word level of code-mixing because her utterance includes the word level of code-mixing.

Suara bagus belum tentu viral "Good voice doesn't mean viral"
Barbie Kumalasari inserted the English word viral in her utterance. The word viral is a kind of word that is often used by Indonesian people in their daily life. Based on the theory of Hoffman, the mixing made by Barbie Kumalasari is included in the word level of code-mixing.

3.
Yang punya apa ya, punya knowledge yang tinggi. "That have, what do we call it? That have high knowledge." The utterance above is classified as word level of code-mixing because it is included in the form of word-level.

b. Phrase Level of Code-Mixing
In the classification of the data at the word level, there are 13 data. The two data are discussed as follows: 1. About two years,ga lama sih. "About two years, not too long." The datum above shows that Barbie Kumalasari mixes the word into phrase form. It can be interference that in the levels of code-mixing, Barbie Kumalasari did mixing in the phrase level.
"I really like it Boy, love you too." Barbie Kumalasari inserts English words become phrases in her utterance. The mixing language is love you too. Based on the theory about the level of code-mixing, the mixing words that appeared in Barbie Kumalasari's utterance are included in the phrase level.

c. Baster Level of Code-Mixing
Baster is a combination of two elements and creates one meaning. The baster form is basically from English and the words in English get added in Indonesian affixation. In a classification of the data in the levels of code-mixing, there are 2 data which are indicated as baster level. 1. Ada deh, nanti pasti gua dibully lagi, males gue. "I cannot tell you, I will get bully again, I do not want to." The levels of code-mixing in the baster level based on the utterance above indicate that Barbie Kumalasari gave the Indonesian affixation di on the word dibully. The structure di as a prefix and dibully as word become baster di-bully. The word di-bully is indicated as baster level.

2.
"Dalam satu hari langsung bisa discover seluruh Indonesia". "There are many Indonesian people that cover my song in just one day." From the datum above, it is seen that Barbie Kumalasari gave the Indonesian affixation di on the word dicover. The structure is di as prefix and dicover as a word, it becomes baster di-cover. The word di-cover is indicated as baster level.

d. Repetition Word of Code-Mixing
Repetition is a reduplication word. In a classification of data in the levels of codemixing, there are 2 data which are indicated as baster level. The two data are discussed below: 1.
"If we live for long time in US, our style will change like indifferent style." The datum above is a repetition word of code-mixing because Barbie Kumalasari repeats the word style becomes style-style in her utterance. The word style-style is indicated as a repetition word of codemixing.

2.
Kangen banget! Walaupun kita tiap hari call-callan doang. "Miss you so much! Even we always have a call everyday." The datum above is a repetition word of code-mixing because Barbie Kumalasari repeats the word call become call-callan in her utterance. The word call-callan is indicated as a repetition word of codemixing.

e. Clause Level of Code-Mixing
A clause is a group of words that consist of subjects and verbs but is smaller than sentences. In a classification of the data in the levels of code-mixing, there are 10 data that are indicated as baster level. The two data are discussed as follows: 1.
Orang, I don't care for me gitu kan. "People doesn't care with me." In the levels of code-mixing, the mixing that Barbie Kumalasari did is included in the clause level because the mixing of the language is classified as independent clause. The theory of independent clause is if the clause can stand alone without any other clause.

2.
Lo ngerti ga sih yang namanya I'm doing acting kan gitu kan, dengan siapa gue sebenarnya. "Do you understand about, I'm doing acting. With whom am I actually." From the datum above, the codemixing clause level uttered by Barbie Kumalasari can be classified as an independent clause because it can stand alone without any other clauses that make it to be perfect.

SIMPULAN
After analysing data and attaining the result, there are several code-mixing that are used by Barbie Kumalasari in a conversation with Boy William in his vlog. The data were classified into types and levels of code-mixing based on the theory of Hoffman and Suwito. Starting from the types of code-mixing, types of code-mixing are categorized into three types such as, intra-sentential code-mixing, inter-lexical code-mixing, and involving a change of pronunciation by using Hoffman's theory. There are 46 data for types of code-mixing. The data revealed that intra-sentential codemixing is the most dominant type of codemixing. In the bellow of intra-sentential code-mixing, there is intra-lexical codemixing with only 2 data, and no data indicated as involving a change of pronunciation.
In levels of code-mixing, the remixing types of code-mixing is categorized into six levels such as a word level, phrase level, baster level, reduplication or repetition, idiom level, and clause level. For the levels of code-mixing on the video, there are 46 data. The data show that word level is the highest level of code-mixing with 19 data, phrase level with 13 data, clause level with 10 data, baster level with 2 data, repetition word with 2 data, and there is no data which is indicated as idiom level of code-mixing.

UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH
Thank you to Allah SWT who has guided authors in completing this study. Also, to the parents of the authors who give support and prayer, as well as colleagues who have criticised and given suggestion for a better result of this study.